Signkoi blog
How electronic signatures work where you are, step-by-step how-tos and what’s new in Signkoi — in plain language.
19 articles
The UK has some of the most flexible e-signature rules in Europe. Here is what the Electronic Communications Act 2000, UK eIDAS and the Law Commission's 2019 report say, which documents still need wet ink or a witness, and how to keep strong evidence.
South Africa's Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 2002 recognises electronic signatures, but where a law itself requires a signature, an advanced electronic signature may be needed. Here's how that works and which documents are excluded.
The UAE's Federal Decree-Law No. 46 of 2021 recognises electronic signatures and records, with qualified signatures carrying the weight of a handwritten one. Here's how it works, what's excluded, how the free zones differ and how to keep good evidence.
Polish law distinguishes written form, electronic form and documentary form — and that distinction decides what a simple electronic signature can do. Here is how eIDAS and the Polish Civil Code fit together, which documents need a notary, and how to keep good evidence.
Dutch law ties the value of an electronic signature to how reliable it is for its purpose. Here is what eIDAS and the Dutch Civil Code say, which documents usually need a notary, and how to keep strong evidence when you use simple electronic signatures.
Italy layers its Digital Administration Code (CAD) on top of eIDAS and has a long tradition of digital signatures. Here is what a simple electronic signature can do in Italy, which documents need an advanced, qualified or digital signature or a notary, and how to keep good evidence.
Australia's Electronic Transactions Act 1999 and matching state and territory laws recognise electronic signatures, and companies can sign electronically under section 127 of the Corporations Act. Here's how it works and where the exceptions are.
Spanish contract law is built on freedom of form, so most agreements can generally be signed electronically. Here is how eIDAS, Law 6/2020 and the Civil Code fit together, which documents usually need a notary, and how to keep strong evidence.
Singapore's Electronic Transactions Act recognises electronic signatures and records for most transactions, with extra presumptions for secure electronic signatures. Here's how it works, which documents are excluded and how to keep good evidence.
France has recognised electronic writing and signatures since 2000, and eIDAS now applies on top. Here is how the Civil Code treats electronic signatures, which documents usually need a notary or a handwritten signature, and how to keep strong evidence.
Most contracts in Germany need no particular form, so they can generally be signed electronically. Here is how eIDAS and the German Civil Code fit together, which documents still need Schriftform, a qualified signature or a notary, and how to keep strong evidence.
China's Electronic Signature Law recognises electronic signatures that the parties agree to use, and gives 'reliable' signatures the same effect as a handwritten signature or seal. Here's what that means, what's excluded and how to keep good evidence.